Ground plane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In electrical engineering, a ground plane is an electrically conductive surface, usually connected to electrical ground. The term has two different meanings in separate areas of electrical engineering. First, in antenna theory, a ground plane is a conducting surface large in comparison to the wavelength, such as the Earth, which is connected to the transmitter's ground wire and serves as a reflecting surface for radio waves. Second, in printed circuit boards, a ground plane is a large area of copper foil on the board which is connected to the power supply ground terminal and serves as a return path for current from different components on the board. Radio antenna theory. The plane does not necessarily have to be connected to ground.
Ground planes are particularly used with microstrip antennas and printed monopole antennas. A microstrip patch, placed above a ground plane, forms a resonant cavity having magnetic wall- boundary on its four sides. Ground plane shape and size play major roles in determining its radiation characteristics including gain. In lower frequency antennas, such as the mast radiators used for broadcast antennas, the Earth itself (or a body of water such as a salt marsh or ocean) is used as a ground plane. For higher frequency antennas, in the VHF or UHF range, the ground plane can be smaller, and metal disks, screens and wires are used as ground planes.
Ground Plane & Slot, Top: Patch. An aperture coupled antenna eliminates the direct electrical. Aperture Coupled Patch Antenna Design Methods.
Section II represents the design of the suggested antenna. Design of a Corrugated Microstrip Patch Antenna with Modified Ground Plane 0491.
At upper VHF and UHF, the metal skin of a car or aircraft can serve as a ground plane for whip antennas projecting from it. The ground plane doesn't have to be a continuous surface.
In the ground plane antenna style whip antenna, the . In a monopole antenna, the radiation pattern of the monopole plus the virtual . So a monopole mounted over an ideal ground plane has a radiation pattern identical to a dipole antenna. The feedline from the transmitter or receiver is connected between the bottom end of the monopole element and the ground plane. The ground plane must have good conductivity; any resistance in the ground plane is in series with the antenna, and serves to dissipate power from the transmitter. Printed circuit boards.
Effect of Slots in Ground Plane and Patch on Microstrip Antenna Performance. It is decided to design the rectangular patch. Slotted ground plane Patch Antenna. A Novel Planar Microstrip Antenna Design for UHF RFID Madhuri Eunni, Mutharasu Sivakumar.
It serves as the return path for current from many different components. A ground plane is often made as large as possible, covering most of the area of the PCB which is not occupied by circuit traces. In multilayer PCBs, it is often a separate layer covering the entire board. This serves to make circuit design easier, allowing the designer to ground any component without having to run additional traces; component leads needing grounding are routed directly through a hole in the board to the ground plane on another layer.
The large area of copper also conducts the large return currents from many components without significant voltage drops, ensuring that the ground connection of all the components are at the same reference potential. In digital and radio frequency PCBs, the major reason for using large ground planes is to reduce electrical noise and interference through ground loops and to prevent crosstalk between adjacent circuit traces.
When digital circuits switch state, large current pulses flow from the active devices (transistors or integrated circuits) through the ground circuit. If the power supply and ground traces have significant impedance, the voltage drop across them may create noise voltage pulses that disturb other parts of the circuit (ground bounce).
DIRECTIONAL PATCH ANTENNA ARRAY DESIGN FOR DESKTOP WIRELESS INTERNET by. The parallel patch and ground plane create a transmission line within the substrate. PATCH ANTENNAS & ASSEMBLIES. Design Considerations. Patch Antenna mounted on a ground plane with a pigtail cable to a connector.
The large conducting area of the ground plane has much lower impedance than a circuit trace, so the current pulses cause less disturbance. In addition, a ground plane under printed circuit traces can reduce crosstalk between adjacent traces. When two traces run parallel, an electrical signal in one can be coupled into the other through electromagnetic induction by magnetic field lines from one linking the other; this is called crosstalk. When a ground plane layer is present underneath, it forms a transmission line with the trace.
The oppositely- directed return currents flow through the ground plane directly beneath the trace. This confines most of the electromagnetic fields to the area near the trace and consequently reduces crosstalk. A power plane is often used in addition to a ground plane in a multilayer circuit board, to distribute DC power to the active devices. The two facing areas of copper create a large parallel plate decoupling capacitor that prevents noise from being coupled from one circuit to another through the power supply. Ground planes are sometimes split and then connected by a thin trace. This allows the separation of analog and digital sections of a board or the inputs and outputs of amplifiers. The thin trace has low enough impedance to keep the two sides very close to the same potential while keeping the ground currents of one side from coupling into the other side, causing ground loop.
Design of Microstrip antenna in CST microwave Studio. This is the second part of the Inset fed Patch antenna design tutorial using CST Microwave Studio. In this part of the tutorial, we will use the dimension calculated in the first part to design the patch antenna in CST microwave studio. Readers can visit the first part or the third part below- 1st part- Patch antenna design with CST microwave (calculation of dimensions)3rd part- Inset Fed Patch Antenna Simulation and Result. The antenna that will be designed is shown in Fig 1.
W and L are the width and length of the patch antenna. The substrate has twice the width and length of the patch antenna, that is, 2. W and 2. L. The substrate can have other dimension greater than the patch antenna size. In fact here the ground plane underneath the substrate has the same dimension as that of the substrate. There is also a general rule for the dimension of the ground plane but this is not followed here. It is just a dimension which is greater than the patch antenna and the dimension for ground plane has no significant operation on the antenna. Wf and Lf are the dimension of the microstrip line.
The dimensions calculated earlier and information obtained from the manufacturer is listed below- Parameters. Value. Description. W4. 7mm. Width of Patch. L3. 9mm. Length of Patcht.
Thickness of Patch(Copper)h. Height (or thickness) of RT/Duroid.
Substrate. Wf. 2. Width of Microstrip feed. Lf. 32mm. Length of Microstrip feedd. Distance of inset fedg. Gap between microstrip feed and.